围术期非心脏手术呼吸心搏骤停相关麻醉因素回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析聊城市人民医院近7年来,围术期24 h内发生心搏骤停患者的医学资料,为预防这一严重不良事件提供有益信息。方法通过我院手术麻醉电子系统,调阅不良事件上报系统,选取2013-07/2020-12期间在我院手术室接受非心脏手术围术期发生心搏骤停患者的医疗记录进行分析、归纳总结。结果共116152名患者接受非心脏手术麻醉,围术期发生心搏骤停33例(2.8/10000),21例复苏失败,死亡率1.8/10000。麻醉完全相关2例,麻醉部分相关12例,麻醉相关心搏骤停发生率1.2/10000。与麻醉不相关心搏骤停患者基本资料比较,差异无统计学意义。结论围术期心搏骤停原因复杂多样,失血性休克以及感染性休克,是围术期心搏骤停最常见的原因,麻醉医生应熟知各种不同类型心搏骤停病理生理机制,以便实施快速有效的抢救措施。     

Obstetric emergencies

For more than 60 years the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths triennial reports and later reports from Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE-UK) have helped build a picture of maternity care within the UK highlighting not only our successes but failures in caring for women within the puerperal period. Despite most obstetric emergencies being well described and having clear management strategies and guidance, there continues to be substandard management with poor outcomes recorded. This article describes some common obstetric emergencies with which the anaesthetist will become involved. It emphasizes management related to some deficiencies identified in the MBRRACE-UK report as well as highlighting a multidisciplinary approach throughout. Good communication between team members is paramount in all aspects of medical care but this approach should be fostered routinely to ensure that rapid and appropriate decisions are made in a safe and timely manner.     

¿Podemos enseñar la «cadena de supervivencia» jugando? Validación de la herramienta «Rescube»

PurposeTo validate the content and adequacy of the «Rescube» training material that includes adapted information from the chain of survival.Material and methodsThe study included three steps: (i) material development by 7 experts, following Delphi method; (ii) assessment of training material by 11 experts by means of a Likert score and calculation of content validity; and (iii) pilot study in two groups of 5 to 8 years-old: Rescube group (GR; n = 60) and Traditional group (GT; n = 60). GR was trained with Rescube and a Teddy bear, while GT was traditionally trained with a pediatric manikin. Participants were individually assessed at baseline, and one week and one month after training.ResultsAll content validity indexes calculated are above the recommended cut-off for analysis with more than 9 experts (≥ 0,80). Children's learning results were positive, with percentages equal or higher than 80% in all registered variables at the first (one week) evaluation and equal or higher than 67% when evaluated one month after training. No significant differences were detected between groups.ConclusionThe Rescube training tool based on infantile pictures is valid and useful to train young schoolchildren in the chain of survival.     

单纯胸外按压课程在高校人群心肺复苏培训中的应用

目的分析单纯胸外按压(chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CC-CPR)课程对高校人群胸外按压培训效果,探索心肺复苏公众培训新形式。方法招募120名高校人群随机分为CC-CPR课程组、Heart-saver CPR&AED First Aid(HS)课程组。两组分别进行不同课程培训,通过SUNLIFE Palm CPR胸腔按压反馈仪收集培训后按压数据,比较两组平均按压深度、平均按压频率、正确按压率、按压深度达标率、按压频率达标率、不良按压率。结果CC-CPR课程组在按压平均深度、频率上达到与HS课程组相同的培训效果,但在胸外按压达标率上比较,CC-CPR课程组比HS课程组在按压正确率、按压深度达标率、按压频率达标率上都有显著提升(P<0.05)。从不良胸外按压上比较,两组在滞留按压率、过深按压率、过慢按压率上都控制良好;但在过浅按压和过快按压发生率比较,CC-CPR课程组明显少于HS课程组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CC-CPR课程可使高校人群获得较HS课程更优的按压质量,且效率更高,是普及高校人群CPR培训方式的一种尝试与创新。     

Parada cardiorrespiratoria intrahospitalaria: incidencia,factores pronósticos y resultados

Background and aimsIn-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) is a clinical entity with high morbidity and mortality that occurs in up to 2% of hospitalized patients. It is a public health problem with important economic, social, and medical repercussions, and as such its incidence needs to be reviewed and improved. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of in-hospital CA, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival rates at Hospital de la Princesa, and to define the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with in-hospital CA.Material and methodsRetrospective observational chart review of patients presenting in-hospital CA and treated by anaesthesiologists from the hospital's rapid intervention team. Data were collected over 1 year.ResultsForty-four patients were included in the study, of which 22 (50%) were women. Mean age was 75.70 years (± 15.78 years), and incidence of in-hospital CA was 2.88 per 100,000 hospital admissions. Twenty-two patients (50%) achieved ROSC and 11 patients (25%) survived until discharge home. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (63.64%); 66.7% of cases were not witnessed, and only 15.9% presented a shockable rhythm.ConclusionsThese results are similar to those reported in other larger studies. We recommend introducing immediate intervention teams and devoting time to training hospital staff in in-hospital CA.     

重症超声指导儿童脓毒性休克液体复苏的临床意义

目的研究重症超声指导儿童脓毒性休克液体复苏的临床意义。方法将泉州市儿童医院2018年6月-2019年6月间收治的78例脓毒性休克患儿纳为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其均分为常规组(常规体液复苏,n=39)与观察组(重症超声指导下体液复苏,n=39),观察两组治疗效果。结果治疗12h后,两组患儿中心静脉压(central venous pressure CVP)显著上升(P<0.05),心率(heart rate,HR)显著下降(P<0.05),平均动脉压(meanarterial pressure,MAP)无显著性改变(P>0.05),两组CVP.HR,MAP水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗12h后,两组中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2)显著上升(P<0.05),乳酸(Lac)及中心静脉二氧化碳分压(Pv-aCO2)水平显著下降(P<0.05),两组治疗12h后ScvO2、Lac及Pv-aCO2水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与常规组相比,观察组血管活性药物使用频率、剂量均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),其机械通气时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组ICU入住时间、总住院时间、7d及28 d死亡率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论重症超声能准确指导脓毒症性休克患儿液体复苏,有利于临床诊治。